python检查linux正在运行的服务

一、背景

        最近有一项任务，统计服务器的服务，最为一个攻城狮来讲，这是工作中的常事，也是必须去做的，也是为了尽快熟悉业务，但是问题来了，一台一台的去统计这可难倒我了，能不能我脚本解决呢？shell？Python？既然学习了python何不用python直接搞定呢，于是我就想尝试用Python，我尝试了Python3没搞定发现python2里面有个commands模块，于是就这样开始了。。。。。。

         在开始之向大家介绍一个模块，commands模块，commands模块是Python的内置模块，他共有三个函数，使用help(commands)可以查看到。

Help on module commands: NAME
    commands - Execute shell commands via os.popen() and return status, output. FILE /usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.py

DESCRIPTION
    Interface summary: import commands
    
           outtext = commands.getoutput(cmd) (exitstatus, outtext) = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd) outtext = commands.getstatus(file) # returns output of "ls -ld file" A trailing newline is removed from the output string. Encapsulates the basic operation: pipe = os.popen('{ ' + cmd + '; } 2>&1', 'r') text = pipe.read() sts = pipe.close() [Note: it would be nice to add functions to interpret the exit status.] FUNCTIONS
    getoutput(cmd) Return output (stdout or stderr) of executing cmd in a shell. getstatus(file) Return output of "ls -ld <file>" in a string. getstatusoutput(cmd) Return (status, output) of executing cmd in a shell. DATA
    __all__ = ['getstatusoutput', 'getoutput', 'getstatus']

1、 commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)返回一个元组（status，output） ，status代表的shell命令的返回状态，如果成功的话是0；output是shell的返回的结果

[root@YoungCheung test]# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 15 2016, 22:37:39) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import commands >>> help(commands) >>> import commands >>> status,output = commands.getstatusoutput("ls") >>> print status 0 >>> print output
a.py
hello_world.go
test.py
test.sh

2、返回命令ls -ld file执行结果

>>> status=commands.getstatus('test.sh') >>> print status -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2608 Mar 28 09:56 test.sh

3、判断shell命令输出内容

>>> print commands.getoutput("ls") a.py
hello_world.go
test.py
test.sh

接下来我们回到最开始的问题上，如何使用python并且用这个命令输出运行服务的name && port 

二、code

[root@YoungCheung test]# cat check_service.py  #!/usr/bin/python # coding=utf-8 import commands ##########返回命令执行结果 def getComStr(comand): try: stat, proStr = commands.getstatusoutput(comand) except: print "command %s execute failed, exit" % comand # 将字符串转化成列表 # proList = proStr.split("\n") return proStr ##########获取系统服务名称和监听端口 def filterList(): tmpStr = getComStr("sudo netstat -tpln") tmpList = tmpStr.split("\n") del tmpList[0:2] newList = [] for i in tmpList: val = i.split() del val[0:3] del val[1:3] # 提取端口号 valTmp = val[0].split(":") val[0] = valTmp[-1] # 提取服务名称 valTmp = val[1].split("/") val[1] = valTmp[-1] if val[1] != '-' and val not in newList: newList.append(val) return newList def main(): netInfo = filterList() # 格式化成适合zabbix lld的json数据 json_data = "{\n" + "\t" + '"data":[' + "\n" # print netInfo for net in netInfo: if net != netInfo[-1]: json_data = json_data + "\t\t" + "{" + "\n" + "\t\t\t" + '"{#PPORT}":"' + str( net[0]) + "\",\n" + "\t\t\t" + '"{#PNAME}":"' + str(net[1]) + "\"},\n" else: json_data = json_data + "\t\t" + "{" + "\n" + "\t\t\t" + '"{#PPORT}":"' + str( net[0]) + "\",\n" + "\t\t\t" + '"{#PNAME}":"' + str(net[1]) + "\"}]}" print json_data if __name__ == "__main__": main()

输出结果：

[root@YoungCheung test]# python check_service.py  { "data":[ { "{#PPORT}":"3690", "{#PNAME}":"svnserve"}, { "{#PPORT}":"139", "{#PNAME}":"smbd"}, { "{#PPORT}":"80", "{#PNAME}":"nginx:"}, { "{#PPORT}":"81", "{#PNAME}":"httpd"}, { "{#PPORT}":"210", "{#PNAME}":"sshd"}, { "{#PPORT}":"443", "{#PNAME}":"nginx:"}, { "{#PPORT}":"445", "{#PNAME}":"smbd"}, { "{#PPORT}":"10050", "{#PNAME}":"zabbix_agentd"}, { "{#PPORT}":"10051", "{#PNAME}":"zabbix_server"}, { "{#PPORT}":"9000", "{#PNAME}":"php-fpm:"}, { "{#PPORT}":"3306", "{#PNAME}":"mysqld"}]}，